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It begins and ends with magnetic behaviours .
http://www.brainmaster.com/software/pubs/physics/A_Dynamical_Theory_of_the_Electrom.pdf
For those intimidated by Mathematicl physics notations and Algdbra take heart in what you know about magnetic behaviours.
Faraday was depicting invisible influences of the aether in rotation by lines of force . These lines are trochoidal in form because they are depicting interacting rotating regions often called vortices in a space / aether./ fluid or plasmic material.
In truth maxwell does not consider the material of space only the behaviour of that material space.
Starting with a sound magnetic base as set out by Sir William Gilbert maxwell considers magnetic induction and thus conduction. The curl of H is the rotational behaviour of a magnetic influence as discovered by Ōrsted and others and investigated by Ampère.
This rotating behaviour is the total dynamical influence on inductible materials . Those inductible materials that are conuctible actually define a path for that behaviour to wrap around . The equal sign here is misleading. It actually refers to quantities that are not defined in the Algebra. What is being stated is that we are apprehending that a rotation of the aether is equivalent to a total rotation about a conductor.
However that conductor has a rotation that is closely aligned with the conducting path and a free rotation that Exists in space . We could say that there is a current in a wire and a current associated to the space about the wire, for example but that is misleading.
Ampere defined a circuit as the basis of magnetic behaviour so he defines a curl of A as the fundamental starting point for magnetic behaviour . A represents the Aether and the curl of A the vortices in the Aether. This is equivalent to magnetic behaviour through a solenoidal core which is what H stands for.
Now the rotation of this solenoidal magnetic behaviour is equivalent to a total vortex path of induction in an inductible material
Now we have to tie together the electric description of the same behaviour and Maxwell does that through equating the total J or vortex path of the rotation under both models. .
The E in the electric model is the observed Electrostatic induction so called. As far as Smpère was concerned the movement of his fundmental circuits constituted the notion of a current in an inductible material, thus making it a conductor E therefore was an associated force driving the conduction about an inductible material, thus propagating the magnetic rotation bout the conductor . Maxwell split this force into two related types : one ostensibly constant the other ostensibly variable by elasticity! This is his concession to the materiality of these forces!
Faradays experiments demonstrated that a changing electric force was a component of the total vorticular path. Thus the total vorticular path was in general never steady. . This was in keeping with Ampères electrodynamic model, it was constantly fluctuating and in oscillatory Dynmics through self interactions.
The elasticity of the aether was defined as some proportion of the electromotive force of the electrostatic pressure on the aether but where this force originated from was not defined. At the time the Electric and magnetic were considered to be two itistinct forces by some. Faraday believed they were. Manifestation of one divine force Maxwell proposed an equating of the two without actually resolving their origin.
Because Maxwell did not accept Ōrsteds philosophical trochoidal forces, and in fact believed in straight line action , he missed Ampères vindication of Örsteds notion replacing it ith the Curl or cross product notation, essentially. He I'd however accept the fundmental vortex nature of the aether, but his mathmatics was flawed.
In using Hamiltonscquaternions he got the wrong side of aloud Klvin, and was forced to recant or not be published! It is because ofvHamiltons notationlly devices that Maxwells equations are still relevant today in curvilineal or Clifford algebraic terms.
Heavisides and Hertz redactions deal ith the issue of quantisation. As a result they become specific nd not general. They are springing to wires nd materials capacitors and solrmoids and resistors. However Heaviside and Catt retained the Aetheric rotation in space about a conductor as fundmental to applying the redacted equations.
Catt, however fails to inculcate the basic rotation implied by the cross product or curl of the electric vector ith the magnetic vector., the o called Poynting vector product.
Catt challenges the displacemrent current rightly. It is clearly a time varied electromotive force , in other words a varying force vector that alters a vorticularly varying magnetic path oscillation , as. Consequence the notion of a static electric field is not found in Maxwells equations. Rather a dynamically varying magnetic or equivalent lector otive force is what is proposed. The displacement current do called when applied to a capacitor indicates n elastic variation in the system about a mean .
The Wakefield experiments demonstrate an elastic reciprocation in a capacitor that maintains a total magnetic intensity, even if it is conducted along an infinite path.
In practice we know this dissipates into the nvironment unless influx from the environment is allowed. . This is precisely what an alternating magnetic behaviour allows.
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https://forum.davidicke.com/showthread.php?t=281870
Claes Johnson and Hiffmann show how a differential equation expressing laminar flow has a solution that is not paradoxical if you allow vortices to form and shed from a trailing edge. Clearly the motive force provides the driving for e for this rotational behaviour due to unstable dynamics of fluids particularly when viscosity provides an elastic response. Within the fluid material.
Similarly a dynamic aether will generate vorticular flws around materials in the flow. Permeability of the material to aether vortices will modify the elastic response to this rotationally varianle flow the forces of lift are a combination of attraction and repulsion/ that is expansive and contractive forces in the flowing medium. Elasticity is the classical mechanism of including body forces I to the calculation without having to do the differential Analysis and integral synthesis required fr a more detailed depiction .
Without hesitation I posit a ontinual rotational/ trochoidal motion of space-time/ aether . Harnessing these wheel works of nature is what powers our technology.
LaPoint makes the case for discarding the bar magnet. .
Lodestone is not a bar magnet . It typically has many poles. Geologically this is because the magnetic behaviour is dynamic and so called poles shift. Paramagnetic material records the magnetic field direction of a coherent field we are told , but in fact these materials should also be affected by the changing field.
A magnetised object resists this change once the material is viscous enough to hold its own shape . But then a trauma can disrupt this alignment without the object itself losing its apparent shape , so it is not the gross structure that determines the magnetic pole behaviour .
This dynamic force can be structured Tribo magnetically , Tribo electrically and by temperature or pressure variations. None of these properties induce a static description. The dynamics of rotation provide the stable dynamic we observe.
As the vortices move their relativeve positions change even if their orientationn does not. In viscous materials the composition of the material is not one particle in a static lattice but a dynamic synthesis of rotating forces, as in a Fourier Analysis. Thus particle descriptions belie the dynamics of materials.
In the particle theory the electron takes on this migratory dynamic role , but then electrons have no magnetic behaviour. This lack was corrected by the invention of spin! However electrons do not spin or rotate in the proper theory so the electron has in fact been imbued with a magnetic property by fiat. The electron is the magnetron but it is not announced. Rather it is obscured in quantum mechanics.
I am still waiting forvMsr Climonts results regarding actual space-time spin!
The la point explanation is not the answer. It however demonstrates that a stable vorticular dynàmic can explain polar properties.
While this is presented as ground breaking the battery is a rehash of Volta's work, the thrusters are a rehash of Faradays work and the solar panels combine ancient origami with some of Faradays ideas.magnetic power of the abha coil is not overtly mentioned but is being developed in these programmes. Ions obscure this fundamental propulsion system
The heat of reentry surrounds the capsule with electrically charged articles!
Let's analyse this:
Rubbing certain materials produces a charged object this is wrongly called triboelectric effect
Rubbing a material is known to generate heat by so called friction ?
Friction is an enigma. Professor Lauthwaite shows that the coefficient of friction is a nonsense. Viscosity of materials and of intervening materials ( like oil or jam) actually determines friction
Studies show that a boundary layer exists between materials in viscous contact, it is a fluid dynamic staple.
The Reynauld number scales the measure according to the ratio of momentum to viscosity of a fluid. At the microscopic level the viscosity of fluids to the momentum of particles moving in it becomes relatively enormous . This ratio is the better explanation of friction.
Taking this viscous effect in boundary layers one can apprehend the Tribology of any contact .
Since we know heat is generated as well as sound we may deduce that this boundary layer is a rotational layer. As an example ball bearings in a race are known to vibrate and generate heat, even when lubrication minimises the supposed "friction"
Rotating regions is in my submission a fundamental magnetic behaviour.
Thus tribomagnetic effects generate friction, sound heat and electrical products.
The windhurst machine uses tribomagnetic effects to generate the magnetic current that surrounds a wire . The transfer of the vorticular motion through the viscous contact of tribomagnetic contact requires the intervening medium to couple effectively between the two surfaces. A break in contact therefore stops the transference unless and until the intervening medium reaches the necessary viscosity to support the vorticular rotations.
Claes Johnson shows that in flight or the motion in space between fluids or materials of different densities and viscosities vortices are formed trailing in the path of the flight these vortices are the so called "electric" discharge generated by the tribomagnetic effect. The Coanda effect is well known in aviation circles.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coandă_effect
A sound magnetic base!
Thus the mutual force of gravity is
(eE + pP + eP + Ep)/R^2
This is a very rough conception of the magnetic force that describes the centripetal or centrifugal impulses thar control celestial orbits.
What is missing of course is the dynamic rotation of magnetism that makes this expression a valid depiction of the forces involved.
To clarify it further
The force of gravity consists of a balance of so called charge forces. The mass of the so called electrons and protons are simple scalars of the charge density.
Thus a force of attraction and a force of repulsion in combination with an angular velocity of motion describe the familiar Newtonian gravitational model. Thus a combination of gravity and antigravity or levity always exist in a magnetic Universe. We do not have to warp space . A dynamic space time is not a static geometrical equivalent , no matter how helpful that is in solving maths equations .
It is my position that an external magnetic current drives the orbitals we observe in our solar system . The great PMH in the sky if you will xxx
But how do we define bulk in view of magnetic behaviour?
We observe rotational forces at all scales . We may simplify these trochoidal force paths to concentric spherical shells. These spherical shells are bulk. Volume.
Bulk density is a count of a specific type of spherical shells of forces within any given bulk volume.
The interactive result of these spherical shells results in trochoidal forces called inertia . This is our scheme for measuring inertial mass. It is the comparison of inertial mass for the specific or standard bulk material that is used to define inertial mass quanties.
The net effect of the gravitational and levitational forces , inertial equilibrium systems are used to define weight mass or gravitational mass by balance. .
Newton defined a system of 3 principles to establish this model. To it he added the centripetal or centrifugal affect of rotational forces.
The basic intuitions of artisans etc are the foundations on which we must build. Without that robust intuitive link theory has no ground in everyday mechanics and engineering. Phusis from which physics is derived was the study of equilibria ting OPPOSITES within the general study of Hrkate or as she is known to the Greeks Rhea. . Rhea is the goddess or concept of incessant flow the idea behind rhythm, rhyme and many other fluid dy amical situations.
Panta Rhei, Herakleitos famous dictum expresses her universal power
Of course all these glows were understood to be elements of great cycles of flow, and in particular cycles that opposed each other . Thus in the round the equilibrium of these cycles meant that there was no flow of or arrow of time, but rather a equilibria ting stress of now that is eternal.
In the midst of this stress we experience transient duration and that is the basis of our sense of duration.
Newton in positing absolute space and absolute time was following his religious lights which were Gnostic orvZorastrian in origin. . His. And others experiments with the pendulum enabled them to construct a notion of duration thst was as constant as the ticking of a metronome. By this constancy music flows and do the divine music of the spheres were made to flow similarly.
It must be said that Newtons theiry of zmusic provided him with many possible models of time pitch and duration as related to physical dynamics of a string . He was not the first to work on such relationships.
However newtons inspiration about space and time came from the ideas of The Dialogo and other works by Galileo, and the reductionist analys of Aristotle.
Newton therefore defined the Quantity of Matter as bulk producted with density.
Fr a long time this was the technical definition of mass. However later students misunderstood the word quantity . Here he is referring not to the amount of matter but the elements that should, in his opinion, be combined as a product to mathematically express matter . In this case it is vital that the elements are indiependent and the concept of density runs into a problem when it comes to that, because it relies on volume! The accepted definition of density removes the elements by equating them in the balance, thus identifying a third property of matter mediated by a pervasive force Influence that Newton sets up axiomatically based on the Dialogo absolutes for the solar system .
This by the way is a fractally distributed structure of absolutes which are nevertheless mediated by larger systems of absolutes!
Yes it is ultimately tautological and that is because tautology is based on the cycles we experience in our experiential continuum. Tautology is not bad as we are taught, it s just confusing, but fractal scale free distributions give us a fractal topology in which tautology makes sense .
So density is a dimensionless ratio. It counts the equilibrium of so many litres of water with a given material volume. The dimension associated with density is only a scaling dimension
This mass is defined as this quantity which measures matter, and this quantity is a product of a ratio and a bulk volume.
Quite clearly matters not multiples of watery volume! So the density ratio serves as a characteristic of materials. That is the resultant densities from any calculation of density can be matched against a table to determine the probable material .
Chemists soon showed that density can not uniquely determine a material , but a mass spectometer does help determine the range of possibilities and does in fact greatly help in determining materials in known samples..
I would draw the readers attention to the video on Metaphysics posted earlier. Thisviscwhy the magnetic behaviour is to me the soundest basis for a theiry of mechanics and engineering and should inform physicists xxx
Ken Wheeler tries to explain this in detail . M. Climont tries to demonstrate this. Eric Laithwaite tried to highlight this.
Here I call it simply magnetic behaviour , but fundamentally it is trochoidal rotation .
Note the curious winding on the coil . Three orthogonal magnetic fields means three phase shifted pulses! Two are on on the same circle quarter turn apart, the third is time delayed by a quarter of the cycle time. .
The geometry of the terranova coil is so that objects can be placed within the coil centre , but other coil geometries may be better! Xxx
Seas of magnetism because magnetic behaviour is fundamental xxx
A mechanical model that provides an articulation of some trochoidal relationships, but which is to overtly dogmatic to fit all observations . In addition the tautology or circularity of our thought forms and processes are fundamentally denied making all such explanations obsolete from the outset.
Magnetic moments are what?
It is easy and accurate to depict the twist of a magnetic response to a rotating body.
The magnetic domains in materials especially ferro magnetic materials. Are known to change shape and magnetic orientation.. This change is not always stable and they change back over time. This is a stability change and relateable to an external magnetic field that is stable.
So what is happening is magnetism is being induced into a material directionally. The domains therefore exhibit this magnetic dipole direction like iron filings.
The domains have to account for this induction and the slow reduction or relaxation back to a stable aligned state. It is known that viscous materials exhibit relaxation, and it is often demonstrated with elastic or plastic materials. But this viscous behaviour is found in all material in fluid dynamics.
Why is it more pronounced in some materials than others ?
In reality it is dependent on the measuring apparatus. For example in visibly distortabke materials it is measured by a ruler and a clock say, in liquids it may be measured by heat pressure ( temperature) and a clock. We may concentrate on latent heat situations for example to develop a characteristic measurement. Here the measurement uses magnetic fluctuation in a steady state magnetic dipole .
The domains in a solid, liquid gas and plasma are clearly visually different, but we use volume to define a domain region. Within that volume we may visually count the do AI s or in a fluid ( liquid or gas)use the ratio derived elsewhere for a proton .
Why the proton?
The bulk mass of water is assigned to the proton, and so the observed magnetic saturation response for different materials is distributed to these tiny volumes.
The hysteresis loopd for different materials are well documented, but for certin material high strength magnetic dipoles and radio frequency measuring devices were needed to measure the hysteresis response and the eventual decay , proportiona to the sample temperature. .
While the kinetic hypothesis could easily be linked to the proton volume regarding temperature, magnetic behaviour was not so easy. Redefining the proton as a magnet solved that issue by definition, but the spin of the proton was a concept requiring the relaxation idea being equated to a precession of a spinning object and that precession decaying . But what would generate a precession signal?
Magnetic dipole variation which looked like a cramped sinusoidal curve.
The daa output from an radio signal has always been sinusoidal, but not associated with a rotating source. But it is clear that a rotating generator puts out a radio frequency signal, so it was a practical Mrchanical model to assume a spinning magnetic dipole for a proton.
While theoretically not observable, interpreting the signal in this way helped technicians to develop engineering models. So the spin of an electron, proton, neutron has been shown to be consistent with the observed data, but of course not directly observable because these concepts are in fact ratios not observed o jrcts.
Probability description s thus proliferate because the model is based on the data from large masses not individual quanta.
We do not need to see spinning protons to develop an intuition of trochoidal force dynamics at all scales. But we did need to develop a Fluxion or lineal / arc algebra to depict the measurements we were making so that we could put them through the statistical process we now do routinely . For most of us atoms are the limit we pragmatically go to, for others theoretical ratios enable smaller analytical units , but no greater insight, because quantum has been portrayed as particulate, rather than fractally periodic or aperiodic .
The difference is the trochoidal measurements that can be made to derive further analytical differences if necessary or simplifications to Spheroidal dynamic surfaces in interaction., that is fundamental magnetic behaviour underpinning all shape/ form -and all force interactions including absorption and transmission, contraction and expansion , attraction and repulsion . These fundamental trochoidally dynàmic forces are there by fiat . We speak as we find guessing for the most part but basing it on fractal distribution of observable forms at a wide range of scales.
Even more direct illustration of principles of magnetic dipole interactions. . But remember 2 flux vortices are involved not one with positive and negative action!! Xx